Adenomera simonstuarti

Habitat and natural history The call voucher of Adenomera simonstuarti from the upper Juruá River (INPA-H 40967; Fig. 3), corresponding to the lineage 3, was collected from an open bamboo forest, approximately 2 km from BR- 364 road. This individual and other two were heard calling from an old clearing surrounded by decomposing fallen logs. The three individuals called hidden underneath dense leaf litter, and only one of them (the call voucher) were found while surveying the area. Adenomera simonstuarti and A. andreae were found syntopically in this area. The four specimens from the lower Juruá River (INPA-H 39792, 39796 and 39813 – 14; Fig. 4), corresponding to lineage 2, were collected in a non-flooded lowland forest (terra firme forest) with dense understory layer. Three specimens (INPA-H 39792 and 39813 – 14) were found in a forest affected by anthropogenic activities (i. e., logging), located close to Comunidade Cumaru village. This could indicate a certain degree of tolerance of the lower Juruá population to habitat disturbance, given that human occupation and activities in this region have begun during the late 1980 s (ICMBio 2009). The specimen INPA-H 39796 (Fig. 4) was collected from a preserved forest, distant from that village. Specimens in the lower Juruá River were sympatric with A. andreae and A. hylaedactyla. Adenomera simonstuarti and A. andreae were found syntopically inside the forest, whereas A. hylaedactyla was only found along riverbanks.