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Litoria watsoni

Litoria watsoni

Australia
Status
Unknown

IUCN conservation assessment category

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Freshwater, Ocean, Desert, Mountain

Primary ecological niche & biome

Diet
small aquatic larvae, freshwater worms, and crawling insects

Dietary type and primary food source

Activity
nocturnal and crepuscular

Diurnal, nocturnal, or active patterns

Scientific Summary

GBIF Taxonomic Backbone & Wikipedia Registry Profile

Dimensions of holotype (mm). SVL, 50.2; HL 14.0; HW, 17.8; EN, 4.5; IN, 4.1; EYE, 5.2; TYM, 3.0; TBL, 27.1; TAL, 16.7. Description of the holotype. The body form, colour and pattern of the holotype are illustrated with an in life image in Fig. 8 D. Head longer than wide (HL / HW = 0.79); head widest at eyes; snout rounded in lateral and dorsal profiles. Nostrils prominent in dorsal profile. Single row of vomerine teeth running laterally anterior to choanae. The tympanum is circular and visible, diameter equal to eye diameter (TYM / EYE = 0.58). Prominent terminal discs on all toes and fingers, no webbing between fingers, and toes with basal webbing. Finger length 3> 4> 2> 1; toe length 4> 5 = 3> 2> 1. Sub-articular tubercules present under fingers and toes but not prominent. Inner metatarsal tubercule present and prominent, approximately one third of the length of first toe. Nuptial pad dark brown, oval, on dorsal surface only of the proximal half of the first digit. Legs relatively long (TBL / SVL = 0.54). Skin texture of back weakly granular, becoming more granular laterally and on the venter and thighs. Ventral surface granular. Upper surfaces of legs and arms and lower surfaces of lower legs and arms smooth. Variation. Summary of variation in morphometric measurements for each sex is presented in Table 3 and appearance in Fig. 8. Male SVL 42 – 59 mm female SVL 50 – 64 mm; head length relative to head width variable (HL / HW range 0.66 – 0.97). The tympanum diameter is variable in size relative to eye length (TYM / EYE range 0.44 – 0.72). Legs relatively long (TBL / SVL 0.44 – 0.59). Color in life. Dorsal surfaces of body and limbs light brown mottled with dark and lighter flecking of brown and yellow. The side of the face and extending back beneath the tympanum to the axil is a lighter shade of the dorsal colouring (Fig. 9). Colour on back of upper and lower leg and onto the foot, groin and posterior flanks, and on the upper axil of the forelimb is an immaculate reddish-orange wash (Fig. 9). A darker brown to black line extends from the external nostril along the canthus rostralis to the eye, continuing less intensely behind the eye over the tympanum and then onto the flank where it gradually dissipates. Ventral surface white, with the exception of the upper legs which have an orange wash. The gular region has a yellowish wash. Iris is yellowish gold. Advertisement call. This description of the call is based on eleven individuals from four locations (Supplementary Table S 1, Table 6). The call is a series of moderately strident notes sounding like “ wriiik .. wriiik .. wriik … wriik ” which increase in volume to the last note, and is placed in the “ pulse repetition sound ” category of Beeman (1998). The call is moderately long (mean 5.6 s), comprising (mean 6.5, range 3 to 14) repeated notes of short duration (mean 0.58 s) each separated by a shorter interval (0.40 s). The repeated notes increase in amplitude across the call, and each consists of distinct pulses (Table 6, Fig. 6). Note duration and inter-note duration also increases gradually across the call and is accompanied by a gradual increase in the number of pulses (mean 22.8, range 7 to 33) in each note. The note envelope is fully amplitude modulated with distinct short pulses separated by a duration about three times longer, with the amplitude rising to a peak followed by a rapid decay (Fig. 6). Spectrally, there is no evidence of frequency modulation in the call or in the notes. Dominant frequency of the call has a mean of 1740 Hz (range 1505 to 2018 Hz).
Biology & Conservation

Ecologically, the conservation status of Litoria watsoni is officially designated as Unknown. Current field registries estimate a global population composed of an unquantified number of individuals, making habitat preservation critical to maintaining their wild populations.

It is typically endemic to forest, grassland, freshwater, ocean, desert, mountain, showing great physiological synergy with its surroundings. In terms of dietary preferences, it relies primarily on a diet of small aquatic larvae, freshwater worms, and crawling insects. It exhibits specialized adaptations centered around a nocturnal and crepuscular activity pattern, optimizing its energy conservation and interactions within its native ecosystem. The species has a typical natural lifespan of approximately 6 years, allowing it to adapt and mature through structured generational cycles.

Ongoing biological monitoring and ecological advocacy emphasize the importance of protecting this species. The stability of its food chain and the prevention of fragmentation in its primary range are vital for the continued survival of Litoria watsoni.

Energy & Activity Profile
Habitat & Adaptation Index
Quick Facts
Native RangeAustralia
Habitat RangeForest, Grassland, Freshwater, Ocean, Desert, Mountain
Lifespan6 Yrs
StatusUnknown
ScientificLitoria watsoni
Registry Info
Lifespan6 years
KingdomAnimalia
FamilyPelodryadidae