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Tonkin Frog

Tonkin Frog

China
Status
Least Concern

IUCN conservation assessment category

Habitat
humid forest floors, seasonal pools, and damp leaf litter

Primary ecological niche & biome

Diet
nocturnal beetles, plant flies, moths, and small insects

Dietary type and primary food source

Activity
primarily nocturnal

Diurnal, nocturnal, or active patterns

Scientific Summary

GBIF Taxonomic Backbone & Wikipedia Registry Profile

Description of specimens from China. The head length greater than width, HDL: HDW 1.08 – 1.14 in females, 1.21 in male; head width 0.30 – 0.35 times of SVL in females, 0.33 times of SVL in male; head length 0.34 – 0.37 times of SVL in females, 0.40 times of SVL in male; snout short, rounded in dorsal view, bluntly rounded in profile, projecting beyond margin of lower jaw; eye large, eye diameter 0.72 – 0.90 times of SNT, upper eyelid wider than interorbital distance; top of head flat; canthus rostralis rounded; lip flared; loreal region concave; internasal distance larger than interorbital distance; tympanum circular, large, distinctly visible, tympanum diameter 0.47 – 0.52 times of eye diameter in females, 0.62 times in male; tympanum-eye distance small (TED 2.9 – 3.4 mm in female, 0.8 mm in male); Choanae ovoid; vomerine dentigerous processes prominent, slightly oblique, posteromedial to choanae; tongue cordiform, distinctly notched posteriorly. Forelimbs moderately robust; hand length 0.28 times of SVL in females, 0.31 times in male; relative finger lengths II <I <IV <III; fingers free of webbing, tips of fingers dilated, becoming pointed, cordiform disks; width of disk significantly greater than width of distal phalanx of finger III, FPW: DPW = 1.61 – 1.92 in females, 1.87 in male; terminal phalanges T-shaped; lateroventral circummarginal grooves not meeting at the tip of dicks; subarticular tubercles conical; supernumerary tubercle below the base of each finger, distinct, significantly smaller than subarticular tubercles; metacarpal tubercle three, elongated and distinct. Hindlimbs robust, relatively long; tibio-tarsal articulation beyond the tip of snout when hindlimb adpressed along the side of the body; heels overlapped when the flexed hindlimbs held at right angles to the body axis; tibia length 0.56 – 0.59 times of SVL in females, 0.62 times in male; feet length 0.75 – 0.78 times of SVL in females, 0.85 times in male; relative toe lengths I <II <III <V <IV; tips of toes dilated, becoming rounded triangular disks; circummarginal grooves present; feet fully webbed to disks, but as a fringe from distal subarticular tubercle of toe IV; slight lateral fringes on toes I and V to terminal phalanges; subarticular tubercles prominent, conical; inner metatarsal tubercle elongated, ovoid; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; inner tarsal fold absent. Skin on dorsum shagreened with dense granules; a number of tubercles and pustules scattered on flanks of trunk; dorsolateral folds absent; supratympanic folds slightly prominent, from posterior corner of eye, curving posteroventrally, extending to a level above insertion of arm; small tubercles anterior and posterior to tympanum; venter smooth, no pectoral spinules; distinct granules present on posterior thighs and around cloaca; cloacal opening unmodified, directed posteriorly, at upper level of thighs. Dorsum of head and body brown with reticulated green markings anterior to sacral vertebra; upper part of flank brown, lower part of flank light yellow with several large black spots; upper and lower lips creamy yellow with vertical black bars; dorsal limbs and digits brown with black transverse bands; webbing on feet marbled white and dark brown; venter creamy white; iris golden, margin of pupil outlined in a striking reddish yellow border. The adult female specimens SYS a 001046 and 1047 possessed black mature oocytes (1.8 mm in diameter) in life; adult male specimen SYS a 001048 with developed testes (size of 1.6 × 2.3 mm), nuptial pad on finger I, paired gular pouches at corners of throat.
Biology & Conservation

Ecologically, the conservation status of Tonkin Frog is officially designated as Least Concern. Current field registries estimate a global population composed of an unquantified number of individuals, making habitat preservation critical to maintaining their wild populations.

It is typically endemic to humid forest floors, seasonal pools, and damp leaf litter, showing great physiological synergy with its surroundings. In terms of dietary preferences, it relies primarily on a diet of nocturnal beetles, plant flies, moths, and small insects. It exhibits specialized adaptations centered around a primarily nocturnal activity pattern, optimizing its energy conservation and interactions within its native ecosystem. The species has a typical natural lifespan of approximately 6 years, allowing it to adapt and mature through structured generational cycles.

Ongoing biological monitoring and ecological advocacy emphasize the importance of protecting this species. The stability of its food chain and the prevention of fragmentation in its primary range are vital for the continued survival of Tonkin Frog.

Energy & Activity Profile
Habitat & Adaptation Index
Quick Facts
Native RangeChina
Habitat Rangehumid forest floors, seasonal pools, and damp leaf litter
Lifespan6 Yrs
StatusLeast Concern
ScientificOdorrana bacboensis
Registry Info
Lifespan6 years
KingdomAnimalia
FamilyRanidae