Symphony of Horizon Logo
Cascas Andes Frog

Cascas Andes Frog

Peru
Status
Endangered

IUCN conservation assessment category

Habitat
Forest, Grassland, Mountain

Primary ecological niche & biome

Diet
small aquatic larvae, freshwater worms, and crawling insects

Dietary type and primary food source

Activity
nocturnal and crepuscular

Diurnal, nocturnal, or active patterns

Scientific Summary

GBIF Taxonomic Backbone & Wikipedia Registry Profile

Morphology. The external morphology of the two specimens (MUSM 33259, 33260) largely matched the diagnosis and description provided by Shreve (1938). Specifically, I observed the following characteristics (observations by Shreve, if slightly different, included in parentheses): tongue suboval; no dentigerous processes of vomers (vomerine teeth none); snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views; loreal region concave; canthus rostralis distinct, curved; nostril closer to the tip of the snout than the eye; interorbital space broader than upper eyelid; tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus absent (no tympanum); tips of digits bulbous, rounded (not or but extremely feebly swollen); finger I shorter than finger II; toe I shorter than toe II; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid (rather large but ill defined), outer metatarsal tubercle narrow, weakly defined (outer virtually indistinguishable from many surrounding poorly defined tubercles); skin on dorsum and flanks with scattered, low tubercles (granulate above, especially posteriorly; sides very coarsely granulate); skin on throat smooth, skin on chest and venter areolate (belly, chest, throat, and lower surface of thighs also very coarsely granulate); dorsolateral folds and discoidal folds absent (not indicated). I also reviewed the characteristics provided by Duellman & Lehr (2009), and one difference pertains the condition of the tympanic annulus. According to Duellman & Lehr (2009) the tympanic annulus is “ visible beneath the skin. ” However, this condition was not observed in the newly collected individuals reported here. It is also worth noting that the specimen shown in Figure 102 in Duellman & Lehr (2009; p. 118) likely represents a different species (i. e., not P. montium) because it was collected at Maraynioc, Tarma Province, which is the type locality of P. oblivius and P. peruanus (Lehr 2007 ab). A dissection of the preserved specimens revealed that both are female. One of them, MUSM 33259, contained two ovarian eggs (diameter <2 mm) and the other, MUSM 33260, contained 15 – 20 ovarian eggs (diameter <1 mm) in each ovary. Individual body measurements (in mm) are as follows. MUSM 33259: SVL 26.3; TL 10.3; FL 10.7; HL 8.3; HW 8.9; ED 2.7; IOD 2.6; EW 1.5; IND 2.4; E-N 2.0. MUSM 33260: SVL 20.9; TL 8.1; FL 8.5; HL 7.1; HW 7.2; ED 2.3; IOD 2.0; EW 1.4; IND 1.8; E-N 1.4. Coloration in life. Individuals of P. montium exhibited variable coloration in life (Figure 2). Individual MUSM 33259 had pale grayish brown dorsum with a pale, thin mid-dorsal stripe, 4 – 5 small pale yellow spots on each side of dorsum and one pale yellow spot on the left flank; dorsal surface of forearms and flanks colored as dorsum, slightly paler; side of head and groin with no markings; posterior surfaces of thighs colored as dorsum, with 2 – 3 small pale yellow spots; throat, chest, and belly pale gray; fingers I and II cream above and pale salmon below, fingers III and IV gray above and dark gray below toes I – III pale gray, toes IV – V gray; palmar and plantar surfaces, including subarticular tubercles, dark gray; iris bronze with fine black reticulations. Individual MUSM 33260 had grayish brown dorsum with a pale, thin mid-dorsal stripe and a small pale yellow spot on each side of dorsum; dorsal surface of forearms and flanks reddish brown; side of head with a pale gray bar under the eye; groin and anterior surface of thighs reddish brown; posterior surfaces of thighs colored as dorsum, with no spots; throat, chest, belly, and ventral surface of thighs salmon; fingers I and II tan, fingers III and IV pale brown; toes I – III pale tan, toes IV – V gray; palmar and plantar surfaces, including subarticular tubercles, dark gray; iris bronze with fine black reticulations. Coloration in preservative. Both specimens of P. montium exhibit similar coloration in preservative. Specimen MUSM 33259 with dorsum gray with small white flecks; throat and chest pale cream and gray, with pale mid-ventral stripe; ventral surfaces of hands, forearms, and feet pale gray; fingers I and II white above and below, fingers III and IV pale gray above and below; toes I – III white above and below, toes IV – V light gray above and below; iris uniformly gray. Specimen MUSM 33260 as above, except that ventral surfaces of hands and forearms are primarily pale cream instead of gray. A lateral view of the head and a ventral view of left hand of both specimens are provided in Figure 3.
Biology & Conservation

Ecologically, the conservation status of Cascas Andes Frog is officially designated as Endangered. Current field registries estimate a global population composed of an unquantified number of individuals, making habitat preservation critical to maintaining their wild populations.

It is typically endemic to forest, grassland, mountain, showing great physiological synergy with its surroundings. In terms of dietary preferences, it relies primarily on a diet of small aquatic larvae, freshwater worms, and crawling insects. It exhibits specialized adaptations centered around a nocturnal and crepuscular activity pattern, optimizing its energy conservation and interactions within its native ecosystem. The species has a typical natural lifespan of approximately 6 years, allowing it to adapt and mature through structured generational cycles.

Ongoing biological monitoring and ecological advocacy emphasize the importance of protecting this species. The stability of its food chain and the prevention of fragmentation in its primary range are vital for the continued survival of Cascas Andes Frog.

Energy & Activity Profile
Habitat & Adaptation Index
Quick Facts
Native RangePeru
Habitat RangeForest, Grassland, Mountain
Lifespan6 Yrs
StatusEndangered
ScientificPhrynopus montium
Registry Info
Lifespan6 years
KingdomAnimalia
FamilyCraugastoridae