Phyllonorycter caraganella

Biology. (Fig. 9). The mine is a whitish blotch on the leaflet underside. In contrast to P. ivani, the mine of P. caraganella often starts with a relatively long narrow, hardly widening, epidermal tunnel, that proceeds into a flat blotch mine (Fig. 9 B-D). The later mine is tentiform, with leaf margins contracted downwards, reminding of the mine of P. ivani (Fig. 8 E). Tentiform blotch with 2 - 5 folds, most often occupying the whole leaflet (Fig. 9 D). The larva primarily consumes the spongy parenchyma and later feeds on palisade parenchyma, gnawing rather large " windows " visible from the upper side of the leaflet (Fig. 9 E). Pupation occurs in the mine. After adult emergence, pupal exuviae can be found in the corner of the mine close to leaflet base (Fig. 9 F).